1. With reference to the law-making function of the Parliament of India, consider the following statements:

I.  The Parliament consists of the President, the Lok Sabha, and the Rajya Sabha.
II. The law-making process begins with the assent of the President.
III. Parliament has the power to amend or repeal existing laws.
IV. Parliament can delegate its law-making powers to state legislatures and local authorities.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

2. With reference to different types of Bills in the Indian Parliament, consider the following statements:

I.  Ordinary Bills can be introduced in either House of Parliament.
II. Financial Bills can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha.
III. Money Bills can be introduced in either House of Parliament.
IV. Constitutional Amendment Bills require a special majority.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

3. With reference to Money Bills, consider the following statements:

I. Money Bills can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha.
II. Rajya Sabha can amend a Money Bill.
III. Lok Sabha is not bound to accept recommendations of the Rajya Sabha on a Money Bill.
IV. Money Bills are defined under Article 110 of the Constitution.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

4. With reference to the stages of an Ordinary Bill in Parliament, consider the following statements:

I. An Ordinary Bill can be introduced in either House of Parliament.
II. Reference to a Standing or Select Committee is compulsory.
III. The Bill must be passed by both Houses of Parliament.
IV. Presidential assent is required for the Bill to become law.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

5. With reference to the Joint Sitting of Parliament, consider the following statements:

I. Joint sitting is provided under Article 108 of the Constitution.
II. Joint sittings are chaired by the Vice-President of India.
III. Quorum for a joint sitting is one-tenth of the total membership of both Houses.
IV. Joint sitting is used as a last resort to resolve deadlock between the two Houses.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

6. Which of the following statements regarding acid rain are correct?

I.  Acid rain refers to precipitation having a pH less than 5.6
II. Carbon dioxide alone is sufficient to cause acid rain
III. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are major contributors
IV. Acid rain can occur in the form of fog and mist

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7. Consider the following statements about the pH scale:

I. pH scale ranges from 0 to 14
II. Each unit decrease in pH represents ten times increase in acidity
III. A solution with pH 6 is ten times more acidic than pH 4
IV. pH is based on hydrogen ion concentration

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8. Which of the following statements regarding dry deposition of acid rain are correct?

I. It occurs mainly in areas with a dry climate
II. Acidic particles settle on buildings and vegetation
III. It contributes nearly half of the total acid deposition
IV. It has no role in increasing the acidity of runoff water

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9. Consider the following statements regarding the effects of acid rain:

I. It causes leaching of nutrients from the soil
II. It releases toxic metals like aluminium into water bodies
III. Indian soils are highly vulnerable due to their acidic nature
IV. It damages limestone and marble monuments

10. Which of the following statements regarding ocean acidification are correct?

I. It is caused by the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide by the oceans
II. It leads to a decrease in carbonate ion concentration
III. It makes shell formation easier for marine organisms
IV. It is often referred to as the “evil twin of global warming.”

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11. Consider the following statements regarding the First Anglo-Maratha War:

I. It was fought between 1775 and 1782
II. It originated from a succession dispute after the death of Madhavrao I
III. The Treaty of Salbai brought the war to an end
IV. The British lost all their territories in western India

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12. Consider the following statements regarding the Treaty of Salbai 1782:

I. It ended the First Anglo-Maratha War
II. Salsette was retained by the British
III. The British agreed not to support Raghunath Rao
IV. Mahadji Sindhia was a guarantor of the treaty

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13. Consider the following statements regarding the Second Anglo-Maratha War:

I.  It was triggered by the Treaty of Bassein
II. Bajirao II accepted the Subsidiary Alliance
III. Sindhia and Bhonsle supported the Treaty of Bassein
IV. The Marathas were reduced to British vassals

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14. Consider the following statements regarding the Third Anglo-Maratha War:

I. It was fought between 1817 and 1818
II. Lord Hastings played a key role
III. The war resulted in the abolition of the Peshwa
IV. The Pindarees were one of the causes of the war

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15. Consider the following statements regarding the outcome of the Anglo-Maratha Wars:

I.  The Maratha Confederacy was dissolved
II. Bajirao II was exiled to Bithur
III. Satara was created for a descendant of Shivaji
IV. The Marathas continued as an independent power

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16. Consider the following statements regarding the appointment of the Governor:

I.  The Governor is appointed by the President under Article 155
II. The Governor is elected indirectly through an electoral college
III. The appointment follows the Canadian model
IV. The Governor holds office independently of the President’s pleasure

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17. Consider the following statements regarding the qualifications of the Governor:

I.  The Governor must be a citizen of India
II. The Governor must be at least 35 years of age
III. The Governor must belong to the concerned State
IV. Educational qualifications are prescribed by the Constitution

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18. Consider the following statements regarding the conditions of the Governor’s office:

I. The Governor cannot be a member of Parliament or the State Legislature
II. The Governor is entitled to a rent-free official residence
III. The Governor’s emoluments can be reduced during the term
IV. If appointed Governor of multiple States, expenses are shared

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19. Consider the following statements regarding the immunities of the Governor:

I. The Governor enjoys immunity from criminal proceedings during the term
II. Civil proceedings for personal acts require prior notice
III. The Governor can be arrested for personal acts during the term
IV. Judicial scrutiny of official acts is barred under Article 361

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20. Consider the following statements regarding the discretionary powers of the Governor:

I. Reserving a bill for the President’s consideration
II. Appointing the Chief Minister when no party has a clear majority
III. Dissolving the State Legislative Assembly when the Ministry loses a majority
IV. Exercising discretion in all executive matters

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21. Consider the following statements regarding the Earth’s crust:

I. It constitutes less than one per cent of the Earth’s mass
II. Oceanic crust is thicker than continental crust
III. Continental crust is mainly composed of felsic rocks
IV. Basalt is the dominant rock type of oceanic crust

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22. Consider the following statements regarding the Mohorovicic discontinuity:

I.  It marks the boundary between the crust and the mantle
II. It occurs at a greater depth beneath continents than oceans
III. It is identified due to a sudden change in seismic wave velocity
IV. It separates the lithosphere from the asthenosphere

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23. Consider the following statements regarding the mantle:

I. It accounts for more than eighty per cent of the Earth’s volume
II. It is composed mainly of silicate rocks rich in iron and magnesium
III. The lower mantle exists entirely in molten form
IV. Mantle convection is responsible for plate tectonic movements

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24. Consider the following statements regarding the asthenosphere:

I. It lies immediately below the lithosphere
II. It is mechanically weak and ductile
III. It is the main source region of magma
IV. It forms the rigid outer shell of the Earth

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25. Consider the following statements regarding the Earth’s core:

I.  The outer core is in a liquid state
II. The inner core can transmit shear waves
III. The Earth’s magnetic field originates in the inner core
IV. The core contributes more to Earth’s mass than to its volume

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