Q1. With reference to "Kharg Island," recently in the news, consider the following statements:

1. It is a volcanic island situated in the southern part of the Persian Gulf.
2. It serves as Iran's primary terminal for crude oil exports, handling nearly 90% of its total output.
3. It was a site of strategic military engagement involving U.S. airstrikes in early 2026.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q2. Consider the following pairs of "Maritime Chokepoints" and the "Regions they Connect":

1. Strait of Hormuz: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman.
2. Bab-el-Mandeb: Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.
3. Strait of Malacca: South China Sea and Andaman Sea.

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Q3. The "Lachin Corridor," which frequently appears in the news, is a strategic mountain road connecting:

1. Strait of Hormuz: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman.
2. Bab-el-Mandeb: Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.
3. Strait of Malacca: South China Sea and Andaman Sea.

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Q4. Consider the following statements regarding the "Shinku La Tunnel":

1. It provides all-weather connectivity between Lahaul Valley (HP) and Zanskar Valley (Ladakh).
2. It is being constructed under "Project Yojak" by the Border Roads Organization (BRO).
3. At an altitude of 15,800 ft, it is set to become the world's longest highway tunnel.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q5. With reference to "Deepor Beel," consider the following statements:

1. It is a permanent freshwater lake in a former channel of the Brahmaputra River.
2. It is the only Ramsar site in the state of Assam.
3. It is listed under the Montreux Record due to its ecological sensitivity.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q6. Consider the following statements regarding the "Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation" (AMOC):

1. It is a system of ocean currents that transports warm surface water north and cold deep water south.
2. A slowdown of AMOC is primarily caused by the influx of freshwater from melting Greenland ice.
3. Scientific reports in 2026 suggested that an AMOC collapse would turn the Southern Ocean into a carbon sink.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q7. What is "Arctic Amplification," a term frequently used in the context of global warming?

Q8. Consider the following statements regarding the Lithium reserves in India:

1. India's first major Lithium deposit (5.9 million tonnes) was mapped in the Reasi district of Jammu & Kashmir.
2. Lithium is primarily found in the "Hard Rock" bauxite-composite in the Indian Himalayan region.
3. India currently produces 50% of its domestic lithium requirement for EV batteries.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q9. In the context of maritime geopolitics, consider the following statements regarding the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait:

1. It connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and is divided into two channels by Yemen's Perim (Mayun) Island.
2. The legal control of the strait is shared between Yemen, Djibouti, and Somalia.
3. Rerouting vessels around the Cape of Good Hope typically adds 10–14 days to the journey between Asia and Europe.
4. The "Somaliland-Ethiopia Port Deal" has been a significant geopolitical factor in this region.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q10. The "Clarion-Clipperton Zone" (CCZ), recently in the news for Deep Sea Mining regulations, is located in the:

Q11. Consider the following pairs of "Place in News" and their "Geographic Location":

1. Derna: Libya (Mediterranean Coast)
2. Essequibo Region: Guyana-Venezuela Border
3. Cape Verde: South China Sea

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

Q12. Regarding "Equatorial Plasma Bubbles" (EPBs), consider the following statements:

1. They are ionospheric depletions that occur primarily after sunset near the magnetic equator.
2. They are known to cause significant disruptions to NavIC and GPS satellite signals.
3. Their frequency increases during periods of low solar activity.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q13. Consider the following statements regarding the "Great Nicobar Island Project":

1. It involves the construction of an International Container Transshipment Port (ICTP) at Galathea Bay.
2. The island is situated in close proximity to the "Six-Degree Channel," a major global shipping lane.
3. The project area overlaps with the primary habitat of the Shompen tribe, a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG).

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q14. With reference to "INS Jatayu," consider the following statements:

1. It is India's naval base located on Minicoy Island, the southernmost part of Lakshadweep.
2. It is strategically positioned to monitor the "Nine-Degree Channel."
3. It aims to enhance India's maritime domain awareness over the Arabian Sea.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q15. The "ISRO Glacial Lake Atlas" focuses on mapping "GLOF" risks. In this context, consider the following:

1. GLOF stands for Glacial Lake Outburst Flood, caused by the sudden release of water from a proglacial lake.
2. The atlas identified high-risk lakes prone to flooding across the Himalayan river basins (Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra).
3. Most GLOF-prone lakes in India are situated in the Western Ghats.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q16. Consider the following statements regarding "Socotra Island":

1. It is referred to as the "Galapagos of the Indian Ocean" due to endemic species like the Dragon's Blood Tree.
2. It is a territory of Yemen located near the Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Sea.
3. UNESCO has raised concerns over the environmental impact of regional militarization on its World Heritage status.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q17. The "Kra Land Bridge" project in Thailand aims to provide an alternative route by connecting:

Q18. A report by the FAO highlighted a crisis in the "Indo-Gangetic Plains" related to "SOC." What does SOC stand for in soil science?

Q19. The 'Shompen' tribe, recently in the news regarding the Great Nicobar Project, are primarily:

1. Hunter-gatherers who live in the interior forests of the island.
2. Classed as a 'Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group' (PVTG).
3. Of Mongoloid descent, differing from other Andaman tribes.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q20. Consider the following statements regarding the "Shahpur Kandi Barrage":

1. It is built on the Ravi River.
2. It allows India to fully utilize its share of water from the Ravi River under the Indus Waters Treaty.
3. It primarily provides irrigation to parts of Jammu & Kashmir and Punjab.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q21. With reference to the "Mullaperiyar Dam," consider the following statements:

1. It is a gravity dam situated on the Periyar River in Kerala.
2. It is owned, operated, and maintained by the Government of Tamil Nadu under a historic lease.
3. Safety audits and bathymetric surveys have been points of intense legal scrutiny between Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q22. The "Hariabhanga River," frequently in the news for maritime mapping, serves as:

Q23. The "Essequibo Region," which witnessed major geopolitical tensions, is a territorial dispute between:

Q24. Consider the following statements regarding the "Philadelphi Corridor":

1. It is a narrow strip of land along the border between Egypt and the Gaza Strip.
2. It was established as a demilitarized buffer zone under the 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty.
3. It has been a critical focus of strategic military control to prevent smuggling.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Q25. Consider the following statements regarding the Dnipro River:

1. It is the longest river in Europe and flows into the Baltic Sea.
2. It divides Ukraine geographically into a "Right Bank" (West) and a "Left Bank" (East).
3. The Kakhovka Reservoir is situated along this vital waterway.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q26. The "Darien Gap," which became a major mapping focus for global migration, is located between:

Q27. Regarding "Zero Shadow Day," consider the following statements:

1. It occurs when the sun is at the zenith, directly overhead, resulting in no vertical shadow.
2. It happens on the exact same date for all locations across India.
3. It can only occur for places situated between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q28. The Northern Sea Route (NSR) runs along the Arctic coast of which country, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans?

Q29. The "Zangezur Corridor," frequently discussed in regional connectivity talks involving the Caucasus, aims to connect mainland Azerbaijan to:

Q30. Which of the following rivers forms the famous "Majuli," recognized as one of the world's largest river islands?

Q31. Which of the following phenomena describes the anomalous warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean?

Q32. Consider the following about the "Indian Ocean Dipole" (IOD):

1. A positive IOD is characterized by warmer sea surface temperatures in the western Indian Ocean compared to the eastern Indian Ocean.
2. A positive IOD is generally beneficial for the Indian southwest monsoon.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q33. "Permafrost," which has been thawing rapidly due to Arctic amplification, is defined as:

Q34. The term "Albedo," often discussed in climate feedback loops, refers to:

Q35. "Red Tide," which causes massive marine life mortality and alters coastal water color, is primarily caused by explosive proliferations of:

Q36. Which of the following biogeographic zones of India contains the highest percentage of endemic floral and faunal species?

Q37. The "Roaring Forties," "Furious Fifties," and "Shrieking Sixties" are strong westerly winds found in the:

Q38. "Karewas," famous for saffron cultivation, are thick deposits of glacial-fluvial and lacustrine soils found primarily in:

Q39. Which of the following cloud types is typically associated with heavy downpours, thunder, and lightning?

Q40. The term "Ecotone" is best described as:

Q41. Which of the following Indian states accounts for the largest production of mica reserves?

Q42. Consider the following minerals classified as "Critical Minerals" or "Deep-Seated Minerals":

1. Lithium
2. Cobalt
3. Nickel

Which of the above are critical for green energy transitions and electric vehicle (EV) batteries?

Q43. The "Golden Crescent," notorious for illicit opium poppy cultivation and drug trafficking, intersects the borders of which countries

Q44. Which of the following ports acts as India's premier gateway for container handling on the western coast?

Q45. The "Chott el Djerid," a large endorheic salt lake system known for unique mirage phenomena, is located in:

Q46. The "Dogger Bank," famous for being one of the richest fishing grounds in the world, is located in the shallow waters of the:

Q47. Which of the following passes connects Kullu Valley with Lahaul and Spiti Valley in Himachal Pradesh?

Q48. The "Nullarbor Plain," a vast, flat, arid desert area characterized by limestone karst features, is situated in:

Q49. The "Tsugaru Strait" separates which two major islands of Japan?

Q50. The "Bisharin and Ababda" nomadic tribes are typically associated with the geographic landscapes of: